Defects in Metal Material Forming Processing, Part 8

Defects in metal forming processes can arise due to various factors, including material properties, process parameters, and environmental conditions. Here are some common defects associated with metal forming:

Oxidation

When products come into contact with oxygen at a high temperature, they generate oxides, which is called oxidation.

After oxidation, the products show different shades of oxidation colors, lose their metallic luster, and in severe cases, oxide scale appears.

The main reasons for oxidation are: the annealing furnace is an oxidizing atmosphere; the annealing furnace temperature is high or the surface is exposed to the air for a long time, and the surface is naturally oxidized; the residual temperature of the rolled piece is high, and oxidation is formed after coiling or stacking.